Just a quick post to answer the question: "how do i find out if my site has been indexed in google"?
And the second part of this question is...exactly how long does it take for my website to be indexed by google?
Now, the first thing to remember is that being indexed with google has nothing to do with page rank and the overall position of your website in the search engine results pages. This is not really an SEO tip, but if your site is not listed in google (or other search engines) then your site does not exist! Sorry for the bad news, but it's true.
So, since you're asking how do i find out if my site has been indexed in google, the answer is:Type into Google:
site:domain.com
(Domain.com being your website address minus the "www")